CHAPTER- 1
SUB - AI (COMPUTER)
CLASS - 8
* Answer the following questions:
a. Define the term 'artificial intelligence'.
Ans. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a computer or a robot controlled by a computer to do tasks that are usually done by humans because they require human intelligence and discernment.
b. Name any three disciplines involved in AI.
Ans. Following three disciplines are involved in AI:-
1. Perception (i.e. the acquisition of information and rules for using the information)
2. Reasoning (i.e. using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions)
3. Learning (i.e. self-correction)
c. Name different types of AI based on capabilities.
Ans. There are three types of AI based on capabilities:
1. Narrow AI
2. General AI
3. Super AI
d. What is Python?
Ans. Python is a dynamic and easy-to-learn programming language mainly used to design AI programs and application.
e. Discuss the term 'machine learning'.
Ans. Machine Learning: It means equipping computers with the capability to learn without being programmed to do so.
f. What is data?
Ans. Data is the collection of raw facts and numbers. Anything that is composed of letters(A-Z), numbers(0-9) or any special character (*,@) comes under the category of data. This data can be different can be different forms such as numeric and text.
g. Name the different components of natural language processing.
Ans. There are two main components of NLP:-
1. Natural Language Understanding(NLU)- NLU involves the following steps:
> It maps the input given in a natural language into useful representations.
>It also analysis different aspects of the language.
2. Natural Language Generation (NLG): NLG is the process of producing meaningful phrases and sentences in the form of natural language from some internal representation.
NLG has the following steps:
> Text planning: It includes retrieving the relevant content from the knowledge base.
> Sentence planning: It includes choosing the required words, forming meaningful phrases and setting the tone of the sentence.
> Text realisation: It is mapping of the sentence plan with the sentence structure.
h. What is lexical analysis?
Ans. Lexical Analysis: It is the process of identifying and analysing the structure of words. Lexical analysis is basically the process of dividing the entire text into paragraphs, sentences and words.
i. How is image processing different from computer vision?
Ans. Computer Vision (CV): Computer Vision (CV) involves techniques to help computers see and understand the content of digital images such as photograph and videos.
Image Processing: Image processing is the process of creating a new image from an existing image. It is a type of digital signal processing and is not concerned with understanding the content of an image.
j. Discuss any two application areas where computer vision techniques are used.
Ans. There are two application area where computer vision is used:
1. Face recognition: Website/ Application such as Snapchat and Facebook use face-detection algorithms to apply filters and recognise people in pictures.
2. Smart cars: CV is the main source of information to detect traffic signs and lights and other visual features in case of self-driving cars.
k. What are the aims of AI? Explain.
Ans. The following are the main aims of AI:
> AI aims to design devices or application that can replicate human intelligence.
> It mainly aims to solve the problems that knowledge-processing.
>It aims to connect perception and action.
l. Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of AI.
Ans. Two advantages of AI:
1. AI helps in reducing human error: A machine is seldom wrong. Therefore, AI solution cannot commit errors.
2. AI helps in carrying out odd jobs: Smart helpers/robots can help us in carrying out daily-routine mundane jobs such as cleaning and mopping and thus save our energy and time.
Two disadvantages of AI:
1. Highly expensive: AI solutions are very expensive, as they are quite complex.
2. AI is not creative: AI systems are programed to perform specific tasks. These machines cannot be creative as humans.
(Remaining Questions' Answers will be given as soon as possible)
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