CLASS-8
SUB- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
CH- 1 (An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence- II)
* Answer the following questions:
m. Discuss different types of AI based on
functionality, in detail.
Ans. On Functionality, AI is categorised into the types mentioned below.
Reactive machines:
Reactive machines AI covers all simple and basic AI-enabled devices. These devices do not have capacity to store experiences and knowledge for the future actions. They process only recent scenarios and react accordingly.
Limited-memory machines:
Limited-memory machines are most powerful than reactive machines as these can store past experiences or knowledge for a short period of time. Self-driving cars are the most common example of limited-memory AI devices.
Theory of mind:
Theory of mind AI is still in the development stage. It aims to understand the human feelings and people's reactions and can even be able to interact socially like humans.
Self-awareness:
Self-awareness AI will be the most powerful in the coming future. These AI machines will have the power to beat human intelligence and will even have human qualities such as consciousness, sentiments and self-awareness.
n. How is strong AI different from weak AI? Explain.
Ans. Narrow AI or Weak AI:
Narrow AI or Weak AI is the most common type of AI. It covers AI applications/devices that are programmed and designed to perform one specific task. At this stage, the device does not own any thinking ability, and its functionality is limited. Apple's Siri, a chess-playing computer and self-driving cars are few example of weak AI.
o. Explain the need for AI.
Ans. A few major points that highlight the importance of AI are as follows:
⦁ AI can help us create programs, software or devices that are able to solve real-life problems as health and traffic related.
⦁ AI can help us in creating our personal virtual assistant, such as the Google Assistant and Apple's Siri.
⦁ AI can help us build robots and devices which can work in an environment which is dangerous for humans.
⦁ AI opens up a path for other new technologies, new devices and new opportunities.
p. Explain the uses of NLP.
Ans. Following are a few major uses of NLP(Natural Language Processing):-
⦁ NLP is used for creating language translation application such as Google Translate.
⦁ It is used in word processors such as Microsoft Word to check grammatical and spelling errors.
⦁ Another most common use of NLP is the interactive voice response(IVR) application that is used in call centers to respond to certain user's requests.
⦁ NLP is used for creating robots and chatbot.
q. Explain the steps involved in NLP.
Ans. There are majorly five steps involved in NLP.
⦁ Lexical Analysis: It is the process of identifying and analysing the structure of words. The 'lexicon' of a language means the collection of words and phrases in that language.
⦁ Syntactic Analysis(Parsing): Parsing is the process of arranging words and grammar in a sentence in a manner that shows the relationship among the the words. For example, the sentence 'The bank goes to girl' is rejected by the English syntactic analyser.
⦁ Semantic Analysis: It is the process of mapping syntactic structures and objects in the task domain. It checks the sentence for meaningfulness.
⦁ Discourse Integration: It is the process of making out the meaning of any sentence on the basis of the sentence just before it.
⦁ Pragmatic Analysis: It is the process of deriving those aspects of language which require real-world knowledge. During this, what was said is re-interpreted as what it actually meant.
r. Discuss the working of computer vision in detail.
Ans. Machines capture visual information and then analyse it using CV(Computer Vision). CV uses pattern recognition techniques to self-train and understand visual data. AI techniques, such as machine learning or deep learning, are also used in conjunction with CV to analyse, interpret and process the visual patterns.
s. How is AI different from human intelligence ?
Ans. Intelligence equips humans with the capabilities to perceive, learn, reason and solve problems. For example, linguistic intelligence equips humans to learn language by observing. It is because of linguistic intelligence that we learn to speak in our mother tongue on our own, as we hear it being around us all the time. No one teaches us how to speak in our mother tongue.
Artificial intelligence or machine intelligence is man-made intelligence that enables computers or machines to have an IQ similar to that of humans.
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