Acid
An acid is a substance that has a sour taste and turns blue litmus paper red.
Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid
- Sulfuric acid
- Citric acid
Base
A base is a substance that has a bitter taste and feels soapy or slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue.
Examples:
- Sodium hydroxide
- Calcium hydroxide
Extra (Important Point)
- Bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis.
Indicator :-
An indicator is a substance that changes its color to show whether a substance is an acid or a base.
Examples of Indicators:
- Litmus → turns red in acid and blue in base
- Turmeric → turns reddish-brown in base
- Phenolphthalein → colorless in acid and pink in base
- Rose → In acid dark pink / red and Green in Base
Olfactory Indicators (Smell-based)
These indicators change their smell in acids and bases.
Examples:
- Onion
- Vanilla essence
- Clove oil
Behavior:
- In acid → smell remains same
- In base → smell disappears or changes
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